Latin immigration in Europe: gender and citizenship: the dialectic of attraction and repulsion in the face of the advance of globalization

Abstract

This article examines Latin American and Caribbean immigration to the European Union within the broader context of globalization, with particular emphasis on gender and citizenship. Cristina A. Sánchez argues that migration flows are shaped by a dialectic of attraction and expulsion driven by economic inequality, poverty, unemployment, violence, democratic fragility, and the erosion of social citizenship in Latin America. The author highlights the growing feminization of migration and analyses how women are disproportionately affected by poverty, discrimination, and social exclusion. The study also explores the European pull factors behind these migratory movements, including labour demand resulting from demographic ageing and the expectation of improved living conditions. In addition, it addresses problems of social integration, the risks associated with human trafficking, and the need to extend citizenship rights to immigrants. Finally, the article emphasizes the economic and social significance of remittances and advocates the development of more equitable and inclusive migration policies capable of protecting human rights and promoting shared development.